Practical guide for setting up a Fourier light-field microscope.

A practical guide for the easy implementation of a Fourier light-field microscope is reported. The Fourier light-field concept applied to microscopy allows the capture in real time of a series of 2D orthographic images of microscopic thick dynamic samples. Such perspective images contain spatial and angular information of the light-field emitted by the sample. A feature of this technology is the tight requirement of a double optical conjugation relationship, and also the requirement of NA matching. For these reasons, the Fourier light-field microscope being a non-complex optical system, a clear protocol on how to set up the optical elements accurately is needed. In this sense, this guide is aimed to simplify the implementation process, with an optical bench and off-the-shelf components. This will help the widespread use of this recent technology.

Examining the utility of pinhole-type screens for lightfield display.

The use of microlens arrays for lightfield display has the drawback of providing images with strong chromatic aliasing. To overcome this problem, pinhole-type lightfield monitors are proposed. This paper is devoted to evaluating the capability for such lightfield monitors to offer the user a convincing 3D experience with images with enough brightness and continuous aspect. Thus, we have designed a psychophysical test specifically adapted for lightfield monitors, which allowed us to confirm the usability of pinhole-type monitors.

Infección por Mycoplasma neumoniae: microangeitis cerebral, síndrome de Bickerstaff y anemia hemolítica autoinmune / Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: cerebral microangeitis, bickerstaff syndrome and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Mycoplasma pneumoniae produce 10 to 20 percent of atypical pneumonia, and secondarily affects by autoimmune mechanisms the central and peripheral nervous system. This presentation prospects to understand others pathologies than pneumonia, originated by mycoplasma pneumonia, like hemorrhagic cerebral microvasculitis, Bickerstaff syndrome and autoimmune hemolytic anemia expressed by an adolescent. They were an immunomimetic manifestation of this bacteria, same days after pulmonary box. The microvasculitis shows blood in the CSF, retinal hemorrhages and special MR imaging s. Protuberancia! syndrome was identified by a multidirectional nystagmus, facial diplegia, involvement of the sixth cranial nerve and quadriplegia with pyramidal signs. The autoimmune hemolytic anemia was the last complication. Generally all these syndromes have been isolated described in relation to this bacterial infection. In this case they occurred simultaneously. The cerebral vasculitis took a special way, apparently not described before with these characteristics. Our conclusions are that mycoplasma pneumoniae can affect simultaneously different parenchyma expressing immunomimetic responses.

El Mycoplasma neumoniae es una bacteria productora del 10 al 20 por ciento de las neumonías atípicas, que secundariamente y por patomecanismos inmunomiméticos afecta al sistema nervioso central y periférico. Con esta presentación se busca dar significado a las variadas alteraciones que originó una neumonía por mycoplasma en un adolescente, que además presentó una micro vasculitis cerebral hemorrágica, un síndrome de Bickerstaffy una anemia hemolítica autoimune, como expresión de una respuesta inmunomimética desencadenada por la bacteria, días después de cuadro pulmonar. La microvasculitis produjo presencia de sangre en el LCR, hemorragias retinianas y una RM con imágenes características. El síndrome rombencefálico se identificó por un nistagmus multidireccional, diplejia facial, compromiso del sexto par y cuadriparesia con signos piramidales, que secuencial mente se complicaron con una anemia hemolítica autoimune. Todos estos síndromes han sido descritos aisladamente en relación a esta infección bacteriana, sin embargo, en este caso se produjeron simultáneamente y la vasculitis cerebral tomó un modo especial, al parecer no descrito antes con esas características. Se concluye que el mycoplasma neumoniae puede afectar con respuestas inmunomiméticas diversos parénquimas simultáneamente.

Optical implementation of micro-zoom arrays for parallel focusing in integral imaging.

We report 3D integral imaging with an electronically tunable-focal-length lens for improved depth of field. The micro-zoom arrays are generated and implemented based on the concept of parallel apodization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of parallel dynamic focusing in integral imaging based on the use of micro-zoom arrays.

[Genetic factors in the development of language]. / Factores genéticos en el desarrollo del lenguaje.

AIM: To review selectively the status of the genetic research in the field of speech and language disorders. DEVELOPMENT: Major contributions to the field are selected, presented, and discussed. Twin and family studies have demonstrated that most cognitive traits including language are moderately to highly heritable. Rare mutations affecting the FOXP2 transcription factor cause a monogenic speech and language disorder. The results of association studies of FOXP2 with several language disorders are controversial, probably due to the problem of phenotype definition. CONCLUSIONS: Common forms of disorders of speech and language are mostly likely associated with variability in the function of multiple genes. Longitudinal studies looking at gene environmental interaction might be important in order to understand the mechanism of language development.

Síndrome de SAPHO / SAPHO Syndrome

Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 41 años sin antecedentes personales ni familiares de interés. Refiere desde hace 9 meses dolores intermitentes en la parte anterior del tórax y columna lumbar y, además, pustulosis palmar discreta desde hace dos años. Se diagnostica como síndrome de SAPHO (sinovitis, acné, pustulosis, hiperostosis y osteítis) basándonos en los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y gammagráficos. La gammagrafía ósea permite obtener en una sola exploración imágenes del cuerpo entero y puede emplearse para el diagnóstico diferencial de otros procesos osteoarticulares, además del control evolutivo y valoración de la respuesta al tratamiento. Actualmente el tratamiento más aceptado son los bifosfonatos. El objetivo de este trabajo es la revisión clínica y la actualización de los últimos tratamientos de este síndrome tan poco frecuente (AU)

A case of a 41 year old female patient with no personal or family background of interest is presented. She reported intermittent pain in the anterior part of the thorax and lumbar spine for the last nine months and mild palmar pustulosis since 2 years ago. She was diagnosed of SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteomyelitis), based on clinical, radiological and scintigraphic findings. The bone scintigraphy makes it possible to obtain whole body images with a single examination that can be used for the differential diagnosis of other osteoarticular conditions as well as evolutive monitoring and evaluation of response to treatment. The treatment currently most accepted is biphosphonates. The purpose of this study is to make a clinical review and up-date of the last treatments of this so uncommon syndrome (AU)